Medically Assisted Suicide

Medically Assisted Suicide Medically assisted suicide is an event in which a physician honors a patient’s request for a lethal dose of medication. It has become a very emotional and controversial issue for many in the United States. The only state legally allowing medically assisted suicide is Oregon since 1997. Although some feel it is unethical and morally wrong, medically assisted suicide should be legalized to patients who are terminally ill because it would relieve them from constant and unbearable physical and psychological pain in a respectable and painless way.Individuals in the United States have the freedom to make decisions concerning their life such as where they live, what they wear, who they marry, and occupation. Every individual is able to make a decision about his or her life whether good or bad. Everyone is ultimately in full control of his or her own life. By allowing someone to make choices freely regarding their life, the same should be allowed when regard ing their death. Some patients passively aggressively choose to end their lives by not continuing treatment or therapy for their disease.This emphasizes the theory that people can and should control their own lives. Patients choose to end their lives for various reasons: they fear the loss of their independence, which later results in becoming a burden to their family or friends; they want to die in a dignified way, and they also fear the thought of dying alone. Society should understand why an individual wouldn’t want to have to rely on a family member to take care of them.Knowing that eventually they won’t be able to do even the easiest daily tasks such as showering, eating, or walking alone, does put a heavy burden on whoever would be taking care of them. It is also reasonable to understand that patients don’t want to be remembered by how they were in their sick state. No one should have to go through seeing their loved one whither away to what isn’t e ven the person they were to begin with. It would provide much relief to families and loved ones to remember the patient in a healthy and normal condition.Medically assisted suicide shouldn’t be viewed as a selfish act like regular suicide, but as a dignified and painless way to end a life that would end in the near future regardless. Whether suicides are legal or not, they will occur, and it would be much better if they were brought into the open. Suffering is different then pain. Suffering normally encompasses physical and psychological deterioration for which there is no cure. While many believe taking a life away in any circumstances is immoral, death is a compassionate way to relieve unbearable suffering.When physicians are asked to help a patient into death, they have many responsibilities that come along with that request. Among these responsibilities are: providing valid information as to the terminal illness the patient is suffering, educating the patient as to what t heir final options may be, making the decision of whether or not to help the patient into death, and also if they do decide to help, providing the lethal dose of medication that will end the patient's life. Medically assisted suicide became very familiar to the public in 1990 when Dr.Jack Kevorkian helped to assist his first patient to death. Dr. Kevorkian had invented a machine that consisted of three bottles that were connected to an IV. When the patients were ready to start the process of dying, they turned on the machine in which a sedative was administed first to make them drift off to sleep. Following the sedative was the fatal ingredient potassium chloride. According to Kathlyn Gay, Dr. Kevorkian claimed that he had caused no death; he just helped with his patient's last civil rights.He believes that doctors that don't help assist their patients are like the Nazi doctors during World War 2, those who used experiments on the Jewish people (50-51). Dr. Kevorkian aided 43 patien ts to their death. He agreed to assist patients after thoroughly interviewing each patient and realizing there weren’t any other alternative methods for the patient to deter suffering. It was reported that Kevorkian's male patients had severe terminal illnesses that left them incapable of living, while the female patients suffered from breast cancer and other illnesses that are curable (Keenan 16).Kevorkian’s medical license was suspended and eventually taken away, and he stood trial for murder charges. Dr. Kevorkian was later placed in jail and then released by Judge Richard C. Kaufman who ruled the state’s ban of medically assisted suicide as unconstitutional. It was determined that Dr. Kevorkian’s charges be dismissed due to the basis of the quality of the patient's life, saying that the patient's life was â€Å"significantly impaired by a medical condition that was extremely unlikely to improve. † Kaufman also said that people have a constituti onal right to commit suicide. Worsnop, 405). According to Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act, â€Å"‘Terminal disease† means an incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgement, produce death within six (6) months† (2). The physician is also responsible for letting the patient know of any experimental drugs and any other treatments that may benefit the patient in any way. Another responsibility of the physician is to educate the patient as to what their final options may be.They are required to inform the patient about their diagnosis, the results of taking any medication that could be given, all alternatives that could be used to treat the patient, and also having the patient contact another physician to confirm the diagnosis (The Oregon Death with Dignity Act 3, hereafter known as The Oregon). It should be agreed that when a patient is left with no other alternatives or methods of survival, th ey should be allowed to decide if they want to end their own life.Physicians who aid in a patient’s request for aid shouldn’t be judged as immoral, but only as someone who has the means and education to help patients with their last request in life. It should also be taken into consideration that everyone has the freedom of choice. â€Å"Since there is no absolute legal, medical, or moral answer to the question of what constitutes a good or correct death in the face of a terminal illness, the power to make the decision about how someone dies can rest with only one individual–the person living in that particular body† (Shavelson 153).When patients are already faced with death due to a terminal illness, medically assisted suicide should be allowed so that they don’t have to go through any pain. Many terminal illnesses involve the decomposition of the brain, vital organs, and physical appearance. Patients normally tend to lose their mental activity su ch as memory and thinking also. It isn’t fair for a patient to have to go through that if they are not willing to. Not only for their mental and physical state of mind, but because of the cost. Patients shouldn’t be required to pay for medical treatment that only prolongs a life with poor quality.Society also shouldn’t blame a patient for not wanting to lie in a hospital bed and rely on a machine to do their breathing. That patient should be entitled to choose an easy and peaceful death. Patients who make the decision to end their life shouldn’t be viewed as doing something wrong because they are choosing to do something to help them. Decisions regarding time and circumstances are personal to each individual. A competent person should be able to choose. While many view the interest in preserving a life, the interest should deteriorate when the individual has a strong desire to end their life.In conclusion, medically assisted suicide should not be viewed a s ethically wrong. It should be viewed as a humane and graceful way for patients with no other alternatives to die. It prevents an individual who is terminally ill from feeling severe pain and deciding when and how they want to end their life. The suffering a patient goes through is incomprehensible to people who haven’t gone through it. Therefore it shouldn’t be decided by anyone but the individual going through it how long and how much suffering they endure. Bibliography Gay, Kathlyn.The Right To Die: Public Controversy, Private Matter. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press, 1993. Keenan, James F. The Case for Physician-Assisted Suicide? America. November 14, 1998. 14-19. Shavelson, Lonny. A Chosen Death: The Dying Confront Assisted Suicide. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995. â€Å"The Oregon Death with Dignity Act. † Yahoo. January 16, 2000, http://www. islandnet. com/~deathnet/ergo_orlaw. html. Worsnop, Richard L. Assisted Suicide. C Q Researcher. Vo l. 2, No. 7, p. 145-168. Washington D. C. : Congressional Quarterly, Inc. , 1992.

Introduction to Marketing

PrimaryQuestionnaires: Questionnaires consist of a list of questions that can be used to obtain feedback such as a spoc which is used at colleges to find out information such as if a student is enjoying their course etc. The Oldham College recently gave all of the students a spoc which was to get their feedback about the college for e.g. if they feel safe and satisfied by their course. By doing a spoc the college is able to find out how many students are satisfied with their course, tutors and so on; this helps the college as they can use their research to see who’s happy and who isn’t, thereon they are able to make changes if necessary for their market plan.Suggestion box: A suggestion box is a box that is used for people to put suggestions inside, this is a good way for a college to get and consider suggestions as people may want to make their suggestions anonymously. The Oldham College students are able to make suggestions to the college through their suggestion box; if the majority of the students make the same suggestion then the college could consider making changes in their marketing plan.Student reps: The students union of The Oldham College are able to talk with each other and hear out the students suggestions, ideas and any complaints there may be; therefore they are there to put forth suggestions or complaints on behalf of the students, if the college feels that the suggestions made are necessary or that it may be of benefit they could consider making changes to their marketing plan to satisfy their students.SecondaryGov stats: Government statistics are official data collected from colleges, schools etc. which is released to the public; a person can then see which college has better success rates and how many people join them and so on. When government statistics are released showing the achievements and how  many students are joining the different colleges such as their competitor’s, this helps The Oldham College to evaluate t heir different aspects; this allows them to take good measures.Newspapers: Newspapers are a good way of collecting data, such as how colleges advertise their courses to the public; when competitors advertise courses in the newspapers and/or magazines The Oldham College is able to see what kind of courses they advertise and how; for e.g. if it’s plain text or images and so on. This gives them an idea of what courses are mainly being advertised and will help their marketing plan as they can do the same or do it and improve their advertising compared to their competitors.Competitor’s website: A competitors website can be looked at by its rival such as The Oldham College as they can see their competitor’s website to gather data from them such as what courses they offer and how they advertise their courses through their website; this helps The Oldham College’s marketing plan as they are able to see if there is any way they can improve their way of advertising and even their website with the aim of attracting new students to the college, this would be done through making changes to their existing marketing plan. Introduction to Marketing What is marketing? Marketing is the function that connects businesses to their target audiences’ needs. It is how a business presents and distributes their product to their audience. For example, a business can market their product by advertising it to the public. This can be seen in many forms of media; such as: on television, via web, posters or on billboards.Marketing is the management procedure in which the product or service is moves from concept to the customer. It includes the co-ordination of the 4 P’s of marketing: product, price, placement and promotion. [tutor2u.net]The concepts of marketing Production The production concept is when businesses are more focused on making profit from their sales; the quality isn’t necessarily important as the company’s main concern is making sales. For instance, supermarkets such as Sainsbury’s and Tesco distribute their own products to the public. The production of products is also kept at a low cost.Produ ct The product concept is when businesses focuses more on the quality of the product rather than how many of them are being sold. The business is more concerned with the high standards of the product set by customers and is prioritised. For example, smartphones have become more popular within society because of their many features.Selling The selling concept is when businesses are concerned with promoting a product even further to increase sales. For example, Coca-Cola advertises the same products over and over again; they introduced names to target people with that certain name.Marketing The marketing concept is when a business allows their customers to decide on the features of their product or service, before it is created. A business would use market research and use research & development to discover the customers’ needs and wants for a product/service.Aims and objectives of two contrasting businesses Private sector business: Apple Inc. Apple’s objectives are to c ontinuously sell the same products that are of high standards and quality.Market leadership in Apple Market leadership is when a business has the most customers/users due to their sales or service. Steve Jobs suggested these techniques to assist in becoming a market leader Be in possession of and have control over the relevant technology Take in and implement better technologies immediately as soon as they have availability, regardless of whether or not there are organisations using them beforehand Create new technologies/products before anyone else and make it an industry standardBrand awareness in Apple Apple raises brand awareness by creating adverts and allowing their stocks to be released online. This can be effective because potential customers will know whether not to purchase a product based on the stocks.Perceptions of customers in Apple Customers of Apple are aware of the product by seeing advertisement and by live streaming press conferences that are held by Apple. The ef fectiveness of live press conferences is that the potential customers will know what features the product has.Public sector business: National Health Service (NHS) Their aims are to aid people who are applicable to use their service. They are non-profit and are Governmental, which means that the Government funds the NHS by using a portion tax-payers’ money.Market leadership in the NHS The National Health Service is the only health service that is free in the country. This makes it the market leader.Awareness in the NHS One way in which the NHS raises awareness is by endorsements from the news or magazines. This can be effective because the news is something the majority of the public intakes.Perceptions of users in the NHS Users of the NHS become aware of this industry via real-life happenings. Some of these perceptions can be negative; as recently, a celebrity received a free surgery which wasn’t life threatening in any way. It wasted tax-payers’ money and the majority of the nation was unimpressed by this.

Management and Interpersonal Roles

In this article Mintzberg reviewed that managing through people bringing them one step closer to managerial action instead of information roles. The author used Hawthorne’s organizational experiments as their data gained which demonstrated in 1930s to describe the importance of interpersonal roles. His research focused on the managerial roles, which are interpersonal, informational and decisional roles towards management. This article is useful for my research topic, as Mintzberg stated that interpersonal roles dealt with leadership. The main limitation of the article is that the author more concerned about leading. However, Mintzberg indicated that most of the managers seemed to spend most of their time in interpersonal roles. This article will help me to form the base of my research essay. Lamond,D. 2003, â€Å"Henry Mintzberg vs Henri Fayol: Of Lighthouses, Cubists and the Emperor’s New Clothes, The Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, vol 8, no. 4, pp. 5. In this article Liamond reviewed the management of Mintzberg as the nature of managerial work. Based on the author article, Mintzberg used structured observation techniques for his research. His article differentiates the management of Henri Mintzberg and Henri Fayol. This article is useful for my research topic, as Liamond explained how Mintzberg’s management works. The main limitation of this article is that the author used generalization as a description of his article. Thus, his article discusses the works of Mintzberg and Fayol theoretical understanding about managerial. This article will help me as additional information to my research. Mintzberg, H. 1975. The manager’s job: folklore and fact. Harvard Business Review, 53(4), pp. 49-61. In this article Mintzberg stated that there are 3 main roles in management, which are interpersonal roles, informational roles and decisional roles. Mintzberg studied and researched to maintain his point of view. His article focused on the manager’s job. This article is useful for my research topic by how Mintzberg separate those roles in detail. The limitation of this article is it doesn’t fully focus on my research topic, which are the interpersonal rules. However, he also gives us some important information about the various types of interpersonal roles. This article will help me to complete the base of my research topic.

ART 43 BASEL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ART 43 BASEL - Essay Example However, as her work developed she shifted from the focus on the political struggles. Most of her early work consisted of performance pieces, in which she had employed physical confrontation with the audience in order to make her political point. She had applied this procedure with the objective of making a direct statement using her body. The performance usually referenced her background and the political situation that was developing in Palestine. Her artwork contains strong references to surrealism and repeats many of the grid patterns that were found in most of the sculptures, and it brought out the element of the mind in relation to minimalism. Hatoum’s work defines a large variety of different subject matters using different theoretical frameworks. One interpretation of her work can be the description of the body, politics, gender and difference. She explores the dangers and the confinements of the domestic world. A very important point that arises from the different themes and ways in which she works is that all her works have multiple readings of inter pretations (MCH Group 1). Palestinian-born artist Mona Hatoum painted Witness in 2009, Porcelain biscuit 49cm by 24.3cm by 24 cm. Plinth, 121.5cm by 45cm by 45 cm, Edition of 10 plus 2 AP. This piece of art is a miniaturized rendition made of porcelain and is a representation of the Place des Martyrs that is found in the center of Beirut. The sculpture is now turned into an ornament, and faithfully reproduced the mutilation of the monument by the shells and the bullets of the civil war witnessed (â€Å"Mona Hatoum: Witness† 1). Many of her subjects have been related to the harbingers of the new world that included military interventions, exile, displacements and poverty that have led to insecurity and threat. This piece deals with the subject of medals and memorials, and shows that their meaning has changed through time. This piece was produced with the collaboration of the Iraq al Amir women’s

A Significant Event in My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

A Significant Event in My Life - Essay Example Towards the end of the year, we received an assignment which was meant to be important for our final grade. I decided that I would complete this work on time and put in all my strength to complete it in the best possible manner. I planned on how I would complete the work but things did not work according to my planning. I fell ill for a week which made matters worse. I could not complete my assignment on time and I did not understand what explanation I would provide to my teacher. On the day of submission, I reached school and I was very confused about how I was supposed to handle this situation. I eventually decided to copy my classmate’s assignment and submit it. I wrote the assignment and when the teacher asked for it, I submitted the work. The teacher analyzed our assignments and she found out that I had cheated. This led to the creation of a very dreadful situation for me. The teacher insulted me in class and I was very embarrassed. She sent my complaint to the principal and my parents were called for a meeting. I was scolded by the principal as well as my parents and a warning letter was issued to me. I realized my mistake and I decided that I would never indulge in such an act again. This incident left a strong impact on me. I deeply regretted my mistake and I understood that I committed a wrong act. I promised myself that I would never commit such a mistake again. I also made up my mind that I would always be regular in my studies and complete my work on time. I decided to organize myself and learn proper time management skills. I learned my lesson and I realized that a person should never opt for the wrong means.  

Psychology and Child Psychiatry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology and Child Psychiatry - Essay Example The manner, in which the parent and the child relate, influences the outcome behavior of that particular child in his/her adulthood life. Furthermore, attachment theory looks at how this relationship in the early life affects both the mental and emotional aspects of children in their adulthood. In relation to criminal justice, attachment theory evaluates both the prosocial and antisocial behavior of children and their effects to the social norms and control. Poor attachment between the child and the parent results in antisocial behaviors manifesting itself within the child such as imitating public figures and peers that supplement the child-parent relationship. Attachment theory asserts that a good relationship between the child and their parent may lead to better emotional development and mental well-being. However, parent-child attachment has its implications if not well established. It may lead to children acquiring attributes and traits that do not conform to the social norms, such as, getting involved in criminal. Secure child-parent attachment results to the child developing sense of self-control and positive attributes. Contrary to that, insecure child-parent attachment may result to the adulthood life of that child to face difficulty in conforming to the social control and norms of the society. Weakened child-parent relationship may lead to increased crime related activities since the children. Parent-child bond is a crucial determinant to the overall relationship of that child with the social norms. It has been examined that weaker bond results to unaccepted practices later on. This is evident whereby a child raised up by aggressive and abusive parents, develops a negative behavior towards life. He/she may be characterized violence and aggression to others. Additionally, this child may seek refuge in oneself for comfort, love and affection denied to him/her by the parent(s)

Team operating guide lines and principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Team operating guide lines and principles - Essay Example (1995) found that â€Å"[t]eams that evaluated themselves as more effective on team interpersonal process also regarded themselves as more successful venture businesses† (Watson et al., 1995). Therefore, it is important to consider deal with all team members equally in both responsibility and accountability. All group members will take notes during meetings. Notes will be prepared individually. Notes should be in writing. The notes will cover full length of the meeting. Notes will be reviewed at the end of meeting. Meetings are organized for promoting mutual understanding and sharing insights. In order for the goal of any kind of meeting to be achieved, it is critically important that all attendees mutually know the contents (Cramton, 2001). It is, therefore, required that all team members prepare notes individually while the meeting is in progress. This way, they can have the minutes of meeting prepared individually. Later, they can share and compare the contents to ensure everybody is on the same board. effectiveness in venture partnerships and its connection to perceived success. Journal of Business Venturing. 10(5), 393-411. Retrieved from